Air cleaner



K. F. RUSSELL Dec. 28, w48'.

AIR CLEANER 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Jan. 4, 1945 finali! Fw? THEHRM Dec. 28, 1948. I i KI F RUSSELL 2,457,32l

AIR CLEANER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 4, 1945 [NVE/v Tof? KEN/W774i' @us5/ELL Fz 7515 HEM .ATTO/@NEVE Patented Dec. 28, 1948 UNITED STATESv PATENT OFFICE AIR CLEANER Kenneth F. Russell, Claremont, Calif., assignor, by direct and mesne assignments, to Herman H. Garner, Claremont, Calif.

Application January 4, 1945, Serial No. 571,258

14 Claims.

This invention relates to air cleaners,- and particularly to those of the oil-bath type which are employed, for example, upon internal combustion engines to iilter and clean dust-laden air prior to its being passed to carburetors.

A particular object of this invention is to provide an air cleaner of the oil-bath type by which solid particles carried in the air stream are removed, and by means of which backfiring ofthe engine upon which the cleaner is used will not result in the discharge of any appreciable amount of oil out through the air feed pipe.

In air cleaners of the oil-bath type an incoming dust-laden air stream normally is conducted downward through an air passage or chamber, which in one form is a central air intake pipe or tube, and is then carried adjacent to the body of an oil-bath which is formed into av vorteXby passage of air, quantities of oil being thereby picked up by the moving air, the oil-laden air stream being then passed through a iilter chamber packed with appropriate iiltering material which is wetted by the oil which the air stream carries. Commonly, the lter chamber is 'an annular chamber surrounding an air intake pipe such as above mentioned. The cleaning phenomenon in this type of structure consists in gathering of a portion of the solid particles from the air upon the iirst contact of the oil, the remaining solid particles being gradually removed from the air stream by reason of the contact ofl the air with the oil films or coatings which wet the elements of the iilter pack. -Solid particles collected by the oil films coating the mentioned lter pack elements are continuously washed down through the filter into the oil body which lies below the air intake lpipe and the lter pack.

When an internal combustion engine backfires through an oil-bath lter of former design such as described, the rush of backring air and gases through the lter pack causes this rapidly moving gas stream to pick up a considerable quantity of oil from the surface of the oil body and carry it up through the air passage or chamber, such as provided by the intake pipe above described. There being no filtering element in the intake pipe, a portion of the oil is discharged from the apparatus and lost on each backiire. This is due, at least in part, to the high velocity produced by the low cross-sectional area in the air intake pipe relative to the low velocity in the filter chamber. By increasing the cross section of the lower part of the air intake passage to provide an expansion chamber adjacent the oil surface and reducing the cross section `of an adjacent portion -below the lilter chamber to equalize these cross sections, the velocities are equalized so that the oil drops out in the enlarged chamber portion of the passage which thereby acts as an oil separator. y

A speciiic object of this invention is, therefore, to arrange an expansion and separator chamber at the lower end of the air intake pipe, whereby to equalize the cross-sectional area adjacent the lower end of the air passage with respect to the cross-sectional area of the lower end of the iilter chamber. By employing such an expansion chamber, the bulk of the oil which is moved by the influence of the backring gas stream tends to be thrown toward the center of the expansion chamber, with the result that the backring gases travel upwardly in the outer portions of the expansion chamber and against an overhanging baiile wall, whence they then pass to the air passage.

A further object of the invention is* to provide means to reverse the direction of the upwardly moving backfiring air and gases as they strike the baffle wall. According to one construction, this may be accomplished by projecting the lower end of the air pipe into the expansion chamber. According to a preferred form oi the invention, a short cylindrical or annular member is positioned adjacent the lower end of the intake pipe and constitutes in effect an extension thereof, this extension or a part thereof being preferably spaced a short distance from the end of the intake pipe to provide an air passage in the outer portion of the expansion chamber into the pipe. This extension thus acts in one respect as a guide or baille for the backiring gases moving upwardly in the outer portions of the expansion chamber.

Another object and feature of this invention is the provision, as by means of the described bafiie devices, of a tortuous path for the backiiring gases, whereby to accomplish a substantially complete separation of the oil from the gas stream under backiire of ordinary intensity. Such a construction ordinarily serves immediately to stop the upward travel of the large slugs of oil that are thrown toward the center of the device by the backre, because the gas stream has the opportunity to travel through a path other than that of the oil, any entrained oil separating from .the gas stream and collecting on adjacent surfaces during its tortuous travel.

A further feature of the invention is the employment of a detachable prelter element at the lower end of the main lter chamber and an air cleaner possessing theimpmvedf eaturfsf` of the present invention; .15s

Fig. 2 is a cross section, taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; 'i

Fig. 3 is an elevational detail of the depending baille means of Figs. lgand 2 and showing the A construction provided, lor 'detachablv Iniouniifiue the prelter element thereon, ,this vient-beingindicated bythe ,1ir1es;.33 0f; Flies. Land 2;-

Fig. 4 is" afdiagrammatio vertical lsection indicating a modied application ontberinvention;

- 5-is a'view saimila tothato-f l .gl'indif canna '.:tulftller modi-a@ application of ghe; .in-.i Vfnonf. 2.334?. -i ,L f: I" 1 In .the form-pf. the inyenonfshown in Figs 21am, an .cuter --maineasingel ...is employed within W-hiehtherevis centrally disposed afdependniet-tube 91: intake. piped? .Whieh .provides filet-.passage 1.4 @Thenannular Suasa-hef tweeezthecasina-1.46am the nipe--lz-fpievidesa filter;v chamber; ,l 5 or, @relatively fgreater. .cross- Sectionelpareg as .compared .with thatof thanipe |32,v4 wherebyx the p air inlet, chamber. or passage,- l providesferfselativelrnhigaxaie telqitvsaodlthe filter chamber I5 provide'stlforrelatively, low air Veloeiiyal'hellter-liamb 'iig lledf site a e@tentamendataConste mevf the ellnsrfltavicwhish Theielenentsl. f .tas-lter. pack. usuallyiare, metalli and "n apre erredfffoxgmmeagerfrelatirsrehant helicalyor spiral.,spr1`n A,oilslIormedfrom `iine guage springt/ire, .for exampleewre .orfaboutl inch in; diameter,v .theendsbf the eoilsgbleinggfree and open whereby theirmextremitiestarelsomewhat hook-.shaped..,andldeniteh interlinkmwith adj agent convolutions of otherlcoilstofprovide an intertwined :coherent massa ,Air,`,`vvhich has. been drawriwnward TthrSiusiihairmail@pine 1handisdudmeed ...from thafain'g ...1.0, thrbutivlany 1 .outlet l?.- ...ln-Jlle, fatm'shwn,

ctor I9 is conveniently provided'abo portQh Qf the .filterlnkmafliant the@ neQkJ. and the .remaindenot theltopofl thapack- Iltis retained byany appropriate screenen-lattice 2' M 1.- .f-. -Qwfv 4 :ma 11 ,The .lowergend Ortlieasina l 0. .carries afre-VA moyable oil cup 22..which,is.lconveniently prof vided at its upperedgeztwithganloverhanding annula: curvedv lip 24 which engages the under side Oft a orresnonding overliangine annular .curved lip ZSAarriedonthe lowergedgeof-thef'casing lll, the `two lips 24 ,and 25`.being` adapted to makea substantiallygairretight 'seal' with jeach other upon being forced into sealing` position as',.bymeans of a set 0f., .appr0p riate clampsgl. 'I 'neJorm of Clamp Shown comprises a dinzlliavinaalvuer Curved. engaginafiaw; ntoensaae 'in theiaiimilar. lip 24,tnec1ip 21; .carrying atransversepivat 15in tion rests upon an inset annular bead 39.

29 engaging in a shank 30, as by means of a slot 3| in the shank 30, the opposite end of the shank 30 being pivcted at 32 in ears 33 carried in a base 34 secured as by means of spot welding to the adjacent wall portion of the casing l0. A compression spring 35 is carried about the shank 30, its ends bearing against the respective pins 2g andy 32. As each clamp 26 is moved from the disengaged position shown at the left of Fig. 1 into the engaged position shown at the right of Fig. 1, its spring 35 is compressed, thereby placing the parts under tension.

The oil cup 22 carries a transversely disposed aperture plate or disk 38, Whose peripheral por- This diskaiiacts as' a barrier wall which provides b elowritfavmain o il chamber 40. In order that oil may pass from the chamber 40 into the spaces above the disk 38, the latter is centrally provided with an aperture 4I and is peripherally provided with a pluralityfof slots 42 adjacent the outer cYlindrical-Wallof the cup 22.Y In the particular form A,of-disk .38 asshown, its body portion which depends .within the'oil chamber 4B is connected by meansv of an inclined annular portion 44 with a relatively iiat annular peripheral ledge 45 which carries vthe slots 42 and is preferably provided with an annular ange 45. `The annular edge of theledge 45 rests upon the supporting bead 39. As a whole, the disk 38 has; a saucer shape.

The locationk ofv the saucer-like disk 38 below the lower end of the air intake pipe .i2 and the filterchambend plTOvides air-receiving. spaces in.which.incoming air makes contact with the oilinhthe oilcup. .The oil level normally lies above thebody portion of the disk 33 and approximatelyin line with the annular ledge 45, as indiclated by the brokenline 43. The Vlower end of theiiltenchamber l5 is defined by an inclined annularl latticeworkor screen 5G which positively retains thelower end of the filter pack I6, and, in the,..-forrn shown;4 the retaining function of the screen 5U-is .assisted byan annular substantially horizontal `or slightly inclined flange-like imperforatej bale 52 whichis secured to the side o! the intake pipe.,|2 as by welding at 53. The locationof. the.4 contact of the baille 52 with the pipe `|2 is such `as'toprovide at least a short depending portionl2al of the pipe I2 below the baie 52. At the. periphery of the imperforate baille 52thereisusecured a `depending cylindrical baffle 52.4 .forminga partition wall, which as illustrated is.concentric with the air intake pipe l2, and, as a result of its location, serves to constitute an. enlarged extension of the air pipe l2 and provides a relatively enlarged chamber within its outline. Theloweredge of the cylindrical baille Slis spacedgappreciably above the barrier disk 38..\and.also abovethe normal oil level 48 so that the chamberlwithin the cylindrical baffle 54, in conjunction with the adjacent space above the oil level 48, constitutes an expansion chamber generally indicated as 55.

`Thelower portion-of the expansion chamber 55 is further defined by a cylindrical partition wall 56 of a prefilter member generally indicated at 58. Thelower edge of the cylindrical wall 56 normally liesslightly below or approximately at the oil level 481,as illustrated, andhas its position insured by engagement with ya pair of diainetrically disposed preferably resilient spacers 60 in the form of loops orliserswhich aresecured as by spot welding to theadjacent body-'portion of the Abarrier disk 38. disposition. of the cylindrical wall 5-6 provides an...annular complementary chamber -52 around the centrally disposed expansion chamber 55, and

causes communication between the chambers 55 and 62 to ltake place within the saucer-shaped barrier disk 38 and below the lower edge of the cylindrical wall 55.

The prefilter device 58, in `addition to its inner cylindrical wall 56. is provided with an outer concentric cylindrical wall 5d, these being connected at their upper and lower edges by means of upper and lower screens or lattices 55 and 55, respectively. In -the construction shown, the lattices `55 and `66 conform generally with the slope of the retaining screen 5B, and serve to coni-lne .a second lter pack 58 which may be similar in construction to the lter pack I6. The preillter device 58 performs the desirable function of nrst ltering the incoming dust-laden air before it passes to the pack I6 but after it has passed through the oil bath, and. as a result, gathers the greater proportion of dust and other solid particles not removed in its passage through the oil as it travels under the lowei edge of the cylindrical partition wall 55. By reason of this function, the prelter pack 58 becomes gradually loaded with accumulated solid particles separated from the incoming air, despite the fact that it is being continuously washed with oil that is entrained in the air stream and carried up into it and also to a certain extent into the filter pack I6. In order that lthe prelter 58 may be removed for replacement `or cleansing, its construction, as shown, is such that it may be readily fitted into the space B2 for normal operation and may .be easily removed. In addition to its being retained in operative position against the annular retaining screen 55 by the resilient spacers `til, it is also desirably provided with means for attach ing it to and suspending it from the cylindrical baille 54. rIhis is accomplished as by means of a pair of diametrically spaced lugs 'i8 secured on the inner face of its cylindrical partition wall 56. These lugs 10 are adapted to be passed upward -through the lower portions 12 of bayonet slots in the Ycylindrical baffle 54, and then to be passed into the upper portions 'i4 of the bayonet slots lwhere they are seated behind detente or retaining prongs 15. When the oil cup 22 has been removed, the prelter 58 may be readily detached andren-loved merely by disengaging the lugs i8 from their seats in the upper portions 14 of the bayonet slots.

In addition to providing the expansion cham- I ber 55 by means of the cylindrical partition wall 56 and the cylindrical baffle 54 depending below the air pipe l2, it is desirable to provide a central cylindrical auxiliary baille 88 which is shown spaced from the lower end of .the air inlet pipe i2 by a substantially lannular space providing pase sages 82 below the loweil extremity i261. of the air pipe l2. This baille 89 lies within the chamber formed by the larger cylindrical baille 54 and preferably terminates somewhat above the lower edge thereof. It acts to provide an :annular chamber 84 within the baille 5t and in communication with the inlet pipe I2 through the passages S2 for the `purpose of providing a tortuous path for gases in the event of backfire. The auxiliary baillle 88 may be constructed and positioned in any desired manner. For example, it may be a separate length of pipe connected with the annular imperforate baille member 5,2 by means of brackets 85, or the baffle 80 might be an integral extension of the pipe I2 and the passages 82 provided :as

'louvres In any event, the tortuous nature of the path from the chamber 84 through the passages B2 into the air `pipe I2 is increased by means loi an outwardly directed louvre means or overhanging annular flange 86 at the lower side of the pass-ages 82.

In the construction thus provided, the crosssectional area of the expansion chamber '55 is substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the annular complementary chamber 52 which is located around the expansion chamber 55. The generic aspects of the invention illustrated in the form of Figs. l to 3 may be applied in other area providing low air velocity, there being yan expansion chamber at lthe lower ends of said air inlet and filter chambers equalizing the cross-sectional are-as below the chambers and adjacent the oil bath and serving to equalize the air velocities.

Such forms are illustrated diagrammatically in Figs. 4 and 5. In Fig. 4, the casing i8 is provided with a cylindrical filter chamber wall 5D which provides a high velocity annular air intake passage 9! outside the wall 95 and a lter chamber 92 therewithin. In order to equalize the cross-sectional areas of the spaces within the casing I0 at the lower ends of the air passage and illter chambei', the cylindrical wall 98 is provided with an inwardly directed annular shoulder 93 to which is connected a depending cylindrical baffle 94 corresponding with the cylindrical baille 511, a suitable prefilter element 58a being located therein. By this arrangement, the cross-sectional area within the cylindrical baille 95 is substantially equal to the cross-sectional area outside thereof. An auxiliary baffle 95, corresponding in general with the auxiliary baille 88, is provided in substantial alignment with the cylindrical illter chamber wall 8U, air passages 95 being provided to correspond with the air passages 82. Otherwise, the arrangement of the parts is substantially the same as that in Fig. l.

In Fig. 5, a construction is indicated in which the casing i8 has a straight transverse partition Hi8 disposed at one side of the center of the casing Hl to provide a relatively small high velocity air inlet passage lill and a relatively large lter chamber H32. An inclined imperforate baille member 103 extends substantially to the center line of the casing i8 where it is connected with a depending diametrically disposed baffle wall m4. In this manner, the cross-sectional area of the space at one side of the baiile E84 below the filter chamber M12, in which a prefilter 5817 is placed. is substantially the same as the cross-sectional area of the space on the other side of the baille i511 below the air inlet lill. Here, again, an auxiliary baille wall m5 is employed, the wall 155 paralleling the baffle Iwall im! and being arranged in line with and in spaced relation below the partition lili) so as to provide a passage 186.

Operation lary baille 88 into the expansion chamber 55 the baille 8 8 thus serving as an extension of the' pipe i2. The air flow,A which is induced by suction answers of th internalfoombus'tion engine upon which-the' washed :air with entrained oil flows 11p-'through' the prelter 58 and the main filter pack l5, the cl'eaned air moving around the'deflector plate I9, through' thescreen or lattice 2B and thenceto-the carburetor of the engine by way of the outlet 'neck I8. The movement ora-ir under-the engine'suction causes a vortex action in the oil body` oil beingx'drawn upward'thrcugh the central aperture'4l of the barrier disk 38, excess oil returning into ,the Vcup below the disk 38 through the peripheralslots t2; By reason of the fact that the lter pack 68 .in the prelter 58 and the main filter pack' i6 are wetted with entrained oil, solid particles carried in the air stream are readily removed by contact with the resultant oil films. The amount of entrained oil, at least in the prefilter' 58 and the lower portion of the filter pack I6 is suilicient to cause a washing of the lter elements and a return of the wash oil with a conslderable proportion of the separated solids. The prelter element 53, nevertheless, gradually accumulates an excess of removed solids which makes it desirable to detach and remove the same occasionally in order that it may be cleaned or replaced; This is readily accomplished by releasing the clamps 26, dropping the oil cup 22. and detaching the lugs l@ of the prefilter from the bayonet slots 12, 1li.

When -backre occurs in an engine equipped with aiilter of the present type, there is a tendency for the rush of the backriring gas stream to pick up large quantities or slugs of oil and direct them outward through the air intake pipe l2. However, with the present construction, under all ordinary backfire conditions, the oil slugs are thrown to the center of the chamber 55 whereby they largely separate themselves from the gas stream and the gas stream largely moves upward through the annular chamber 84 which consti-V tutes the outer portions of the chamber 55 and lies between the central auxiliary baille 89 and the' outer'cylindrical baflie 54. The expansion chamber 55 thus acts as an oil-separating chamber. The Ipath of travel of these gases from the annularchamber 84 is somewhat outward under thev iniiuence of the overhanging flange 86, and thence upward against the overhaneing annular baffle 52, whence its direction is reversed by being directed vdownward by the adjacent extremity i2a of the air pipe l2 and through the annular passages 82 over the ilange 8S, whence its direction is again reversed as it moves upward to relieve the backre pressure through the pipe l2. This travel of the gases through the tortuous path described and the accompanying reversals of direction serve to separate substantially all of the oil that is entrained and is not separated when the oil slugs are thrown toward the center of the expansion chamber 55.

Under ordinary conditions of backre, substantially all of the gas travels through the annular chamber 84 and the tortuous path described, with the result that there is no oil loss. Inasmuch as the arrangement of the parts as indicated provides for a crosssectional area of the annular chamber B2 in which the prelter B is located which is substantially the same as the cross-sectional area of the expansion chamber 55, the ilow of the backre gases through the two chambers is accordingly substantially equalized, thereby `reducing.the.velocity of gas ow in the expansion chamber and restraining high velocity gasvilow until= the oil has separated.`

In connectionwith the modifications indicated 5; in Figs, 4 and 5, the same results are obtained.

Thus, as the backre gases have passed through the prelters 58a and 53D, they are received into central chambers above the oil level whose crosssectional areas-are substantially equal to that ,of the chambers beyond the bailles 94 and H14. In general, after passing under lthe edges of the bailies and S04, the gases move immediately upward by reason of having been separated from the oil slugs which are thrown against the ad- .jacent walls of the respective oil cups 22. Thus,

in these forms also, under normal backfire conapparent to those skilled in. the art, it is desired to protect all such forms as come within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In combination in an air cleaner: a vertically disposed air passage; a vertically disposed filter chamber adjacent said air passage, said iilter chamber having an average cross-sectional area greater than that of said air passage; veritical baiile means disposed adjacent the lower ends of said passage and chamber andconnected with the lower end of said air passage and thereby providing an eiective extension of said passage in the form of an expansion chamber adjacent 'E the lower end of said air chamber and of greater cross-sectional area than that of said passage and serving to reduce the corresponding crosssectional area of the adjacent lower extremity of said iilter chamber; and imperiorate partition means adjacent the lower ends of said passage and chamber and blocking direct communication between said expansion chamber and said lter chamber and providing communication around its lower edge between said lower extremity of said lter chamber and said expansion chamber.

2. A combination according to claim 1 including a second vertical baille means positioned within said expansion chamber and in substantial alignment with said air passage.

3. In combination in an oil-bath air cleaner: a casing; partitioning means within said casing and dividing said casing into a vertically disposed air chamber and a vertically disposed iilter chamber, said filter chamber having a greater cross-sectional area than that of said air chamber; a closure for the lower end of said casing and spaced from the lower ends of said chambers, whereby to provide an oil cup; and transverse and vertical baffle means connected with the lower end of said partitioning means and dividing the lower end of said casing above said oil cup into an expansion chamber communicating with said air chamber and a fourth chamber `below said filter chamber and adjacent said expa'nsion chamber, the last two mentioned chambers being of substantially equal cross-sectional areas and communicating with each other by way of said oil cup, said baffle means blocking direct communication between said expansion chamber and said filter and fourth chambers, and the vertical baille means having a lower-edge terminating closely adjacent a normal idle oil level in said cup.

4. In combination in a liquid-bath air cleaner:

faresti/sei iiieans providing an air.y inlet passage of relatively small cross-sectional area; means providing an air: receiving chamber of relatively large cross-sectional area communicating with said inlet passage; a complementary, chamber disposed adjacent and separate from said receiving chamber-4v and having a vcross-sectional area:` approximati'ng that of said receiving chamber;` a

filter chamber ofv greater cross-section'a'jll area than that of said complementary chamberrand communicating with the-I` latterg, a baille' extendinggintosaid air-'receivingY chamber in substantial alignment with the Walls oi" said airinlet passage means, said baille being spaced from the walls of said air inlet passage means to provide for air ow between the baille and said air inlet passage means and a liquid cup providing the only communication between said receiving chamber and said complementary chamber and adapted to present a liquid bath to air passing therebetween, said cup providing a normal idle liquid level closely adjacent the lower boundaries of said receiving and complementary chambers.

5. In an oil-bath air cleaner, in combination: a casing; means dividing said casing into an air inlet chamber and an air filter chamber; an oil cup positioned below said chambers and adapted to pass air and gases therethrough between said chambers; oil separating means at the base of and communicating with said inlet chamber and with said oil cup and adapted under backfire conditions to separate oil from backring gases which pick up oil in passing to said inlet chamber and a filter medium in said filter chamber consisting of a compressed mass of short openended spring coils of line gauge spring wire, the open ends of the coils being interlinked with convolutions of adjacent coils to provide an intertwined coherent mass.

6. In an air cleaner: a casing; a partition member dividing one portion of said casing into a high velocity air inlet passage and a low velocity air filter chamber of greater cross-sectional area than that of the inlet passage; means dividing another portion of said casing into chambers of approximately` equal cross-sectional area respectively communicating with said inlet passage and illter chamber one of which is axially aligned with said inlet passage; means blocking communication between said lter chamber and said chamber communicating with said inlet passage; and means providing communication between said chambers ci approximately equal cross-sectional areas.

An air cleaner, comprising in combination: a casing; tubular partition means providing a centrally disposed chamber and an annularly disposed chamber therearound, one of said chambers constituting a low velocity air lllter chamber, and the other a high velocity air intake chamber; baille means extending laterally from said partition means and beneath a portion of said filter chamber; additional baille means spaced laterally from and extending beyond the adjacent end of said air intake chamber, thereby providing an extension of said inlet chamber of greater cross-sectional area than that of said inlet chamber and a complementary extension of said lter chamber of smaller cross-sectional area than that of said illter chamber, the crosssectional areas of said chamber extensions approximating each other to approximately equalize air velocities therethrough, said additional baille means having a free edge remote from said intake chamber; and closure means lying beyond 10 said..` freer edge anprovidingi an' air passage. uri;- derisaidi edge and. connectingg said chamber ex.'- tensions; saids baille means. separating: andi` block ing: czmnxrrunic,ationy between said inlet chamber .i extension and" said.' lterV chamber and: its extension.,k

n. An.: oilsbath air.4 cleaner. comprisingg in; combination: a casing tubiulan-paiitition means/pro,- tiidingiarcentralf verticall cnamloenl and an, annulan venticai;4 chamber, oneE olf which; constitutes alzdwi velocity air: filter chamber:y and: the.: other. aihighivielooity air inletpassagei' annular' baille means;l extending laterally: from said. partition means beneatln a; porti-om of: saidV filter lclfiamberf othenl baillei-neansJ- dependihg from the periphery o1 said annular baille means and below the adjacent end of said air inlet passage, said baille means providing an expansion chamber cornmunicating directly with said air inlet passage and of greater cross-sectional area than the latter, and also providing an adjacent complementary chamber of smaller cross-sectional area than that of said filter chamber, said expansion and complementary chambers tending to equalize gas velocities therethrough, said baille means separating and blocking communication between said expansion chamber and said complementary and filter chambers, said other baille means having a free lower edge below which communication is provided between the lower portions of said expansion chamber and said complementary chamber; and oil chamber means carried below the other chambers for providing communication between and presenting and oil-bath to said complementary and expansion chambers, the normal idle oil level in said oil chamber means being approximately at said free lower edge.

9. A combination as in claim 8, wherein the adjacent end of said tubular partition means extends below said annular baille means to change the direction of backfire iluid striking said annular baille.

l0. A combination as in claim 8, including annular baille means substantially aligned with and disposed below said tubular partition means and providing a passage into said tubular means between said aligned means and partition means.

11. A combination as in claim 8, including baille means substantially aligned with and disposed below said tubular partition means and providing a passage into said tubular means between said aligned means and partition means, the adjacent end of said tubular partition means extending below said annular baille means to change the direction of backre fluid striking said annular baille.

12. A combination as in claim 8, including a preillter member disposed in said complementary chamber.

13. In combination in an oil-bath lllter: a vertically disposed air inlet chamber; a vertically disposed filter chamber adjacent the air inlet chamber, the average cross-sectional area of the lter chamber exceeding that of the air inlet chamber; vertical imperforate baille means arranged adjacent the lower ends of said chambers and reducing the cross-sectional area of the lower end of said filter chamber and providing an expansion chamber below and communicating with the lower end of the air inlet chamber, said expansion chamber having a cross-sectional area approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of the adjacent reduced lower end of the lter chamber, said baille means having a lower edge around which communication is provided between the lower end of said expansion chamber andl said reduced lower end of said lter chamber, said baie means blocking direct communioation between said expansion chamber and said filter chamber; and means providing an oil cup below said chamber, said lower edge .of said baille means being disposed approximately at the normal idle oil level in said cup.

14. An air cleaner as in `claim l wherein vthe lter chamber contains a filter mass consisting of short open-ended spring coils of iine gauge spring wire, the open ends of the coils being interlinked with convolutions of adjacent coils to provide an intertwined coherent mass.

KENNETH F. RUSSELL.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Re. 21,272 Halerberg Nov. 21, 1939 1,577,715 Hendrickson Mar. 23, 1926 1,828,816 Pierson Oct. 27, 1931 1,992,025 Donaldson Feb. 19, 1935 2,062,548 Wilson Dec. 1, 1936 2,171,752 Kamrath Sept, 5, 1939 2,198,963 Garner Apr. 30, 1940 

